CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

 Various health policies have been formulated to curb the spread of Communicable diseases, also referred to as infectious infections. Societal practices such as overcrowding in the shopping centers, constant movement of people that leads to culmination of rural camps, habit of using the day care facilities service, and involvement in unsafe sexual practices. Controls of such diseases involve personal initiatives in maintaining high standard of hygiene and safe water treatment methods. A clean environment coupled with good health system forms the foundation of eradicating communicable diseases.  These diseases are mainly either vector-borne or water-borne.
Communicable diseases like Chicken Pox that the hostels K and L had are an outbreak of, need to be controlled to curb the spread to an epidemic level. The proposed or suggested interventions includes fields related to water and sanitation, hygiene, health care, and in other diseases like Chicken Pox, one should seek medical attention as soon as possible in as much as it is thought to affect each person at least once in a lifetime, of which it is believed that the earlier, the better. Other factors to be considered are the cost, implementation pace, feasibility of the program and its adherence to the human rights issues. The program should not be in conflict with the culture of the victims or the target populations. The program design usually includes the rapid assessment stage usually after the occurrence of some kind of disaster. It’s a period of data gathering and snap decision making. The in-depth assessment helps in comprehensive planning of the control program. At this stage, the background information of the affected population is sought together with the magnitude of the epidemic.  The program should include some long term plan on how to reduce the effect of such epidemics in case they re-occur.

The commonly applied strategies in controlling the outbreaks of infectious diseases are reduction of mortality rate due to proactive measures that ensures early detection and consequent treatment; another ideology is to encourage preventive activities which will in the long run reduce rampant spread of such diseases. These should be applied without much bureaucracy. Quick response is the principle to be adhered to incase of an outbreak. This helps in curbing the impending epidemic. The emergency program of immunization also plays a vital role in controlling the communicable diseases.

CONCEPTS AIMED AT ACADEMICALLY TESTED RESULTS..

The pursuit for academic excellence entails and requires a lot of skills in writing. Academic writing is unique since it needs special skills for different kinds of academic papers. Each paper has specific structure or formats that student or writer must follow.

Academic writings in clued research papers, report, reviews, annotated bibliography, case studies, applications essays, comparative/contrast essays, personal statements and creative writings. The list is however endless with emerging academic fields and dynamism in the disciplines.

Research paper generally is an in depth analysis of a subject and/or data that already exists. It might be argumentative which involves debate and persuasion or just analytical. Analytical research paper requires advance skills in evaluation and further explorations. Reports literally analyses a problem or a subject, for example, laboratory reports. It’s systematic in nature and defines or gives meaning to the results or findings in an experiment or research.

Annotated bibliography is simply a list of citations from sources or reference or works cited. The citations are followed by summary of the main focus of the work cited usually approximately 150 words. It serves to inform the reader on quality and accuracy of the source of the information. Dissertation of these forms the vital part of students’ course work for the attainment of a degree or any other professional qualification. It is usually presented to the lecturer or supervision to show and support the author’s findings from a research.

Case studied is very specific in nature and it intends to explore everything about something. Speeches and creative writings express ideas.  Speeches are oral in nature while creative writings are usually put in writing and they tend to deviate from restrictive rules of facts and logic. Application essays and personal statements are usually required by learning/research institutes from the applicants.

The structure of an academic paper should be perfect and upholds all the laid standards for an academic writing. A good paper structure are relevant content is a pre-requisite to a good grade. The common part of an essay includes the introduction.

The body part and conclusion, however, these will very depending on the type of academic paper required. The writer or student should also be equipped with the commonly used formatting and styles like MLA, APA, Harvard, and Chicago/Turbian. It is this worth noting that, a grade –A paper requires vast skills in writing.

LIBERTY OF TRUTH AND DISCUSSIONS - JOHN STUART MILL

 John Stuart Mill devoted most of his famous account to explaining why freedom of discussion is important.  The general idea is that truth is a casualty of the suppression of free discussion. Pressing more is when this freedom may be limited, though freedom of discussion was widely accepted even in Mill’s own day, he thinks that the arguments for it are not widely appreciated.

Mill as an utilitarian rejects the idea of natural rights, and emphasizes that society as a whole, not just the silenced individual, loses by the state of possible subjugation of free discussion.

 In effect there are three arguments that are attached to three possible scenarios.

In the first, argument, he imagines that a majority who share a certain view seek to silence the minority who disagree. He further supposes that the majority view is false, as it happens, it makes the minority view true. Mill argues that in these circumstances it is catastrophic to silence the minority, disastrous for the majority, that is, because there is now no means of releasing it from its belief in a fallacious reasoning. If however the minority remains free to express its doubts about the majority view, then there is a chance that the majority will be brought to see the falsity of its view.

The second scenario is the same as the first except that this time the majority view is true and the minority view false. Here a concern for truth might seem to support silencing the minority since its view is false. Bottling fallacy doubtlessly supports truth. However, he argues that if the majority silences its opponents, it will never have to defend its belief and over time will forget the arguments for it.

Mill’s third scenario involves both parties of opinion, majority and minority, having a portion of the truth but not the whole of it. He regards this as the most common of the three scenarios, and his argument here is very simple. To enlarge its grasp of the truth the majority must allow the minority to express its halfway truthful view.

On assessment of the case, the first and third of Mill’s arguments are the most persuasive. If the majority view is wholly or partially false, then allowing critical discussion surely enhances the chances of truth replacing error. But if the majority view is already true, as in the second argument, allowing critical discussion does involve risk.

Majorities, he says will always think that they are in the second scenario, where the case for allowing critical discussion is weakest. They, like anyone else, will always take their beliefs to be true. Thinking a belief true is a condition of having it. Mill supposes, that we can never be certain that our beliefs are true, his position is that we can never have the degree of certainty that would warrant silencing criticism of our beliefs. That would be to claim infallibility for ourselves. If however we allow our beliefs to be criticized but no persuasive criticism is forthcoming, that gives us sufficient certainty to warrant our acting upon the beliefs.

 When we come to the political, moral and religious cases where that temptation is real, then it is much more plausible to think, with Mill, that we cannot have certainty of the sort required to justify the abbreviation of debate. For in these cases there are always contemplation on both sides of the argument which have to be balanced.

WHAT TO ASK AND OBSERVE WHEN WRITING A FEATURE STORY

  WHAT TO ASK AND OBSERVE WHEN WRITING A FEATURE STORY:

Feature writers observe people in different situations:

Observation involves all the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.

1.People may behave differently when they know they are being observed but that is not a reason not to tell them they are being observed.

2.You must record your observations to have evidence of its existing.

3.In observation, various people might be well suited, though training may be necessary

5.People may behave differently when they know they are being observed so it is better not to tell them.

6.You must record your observations to have evidence of it existing.

7.You, as someone who “knows” the program and the participants, are best suited to conduct the observations.   

WHO/WHAT CAN YOU OBSERVE?
1.People (individuals, groups, communities)
2.Characteristics
3.Interactions
4.Behaviors
5.Reactions
6.Physical settings
7.Environmental features
8.Products/physical artifacts.

WHAT TO ASK
1.Ask open questions, be a good listener, and probe  or anecdotes. Get a source talking by asking questions that begin with "how" or "why." Once a source starts talking, try to keep him or her going by asking follow-up questions like, "What do you mean by that?" or "Can you give me an example?“
2.Focus on what's most compelling. Before you start writing, think through all the information you have and all the points you plan to make. What's surprising? What's important? What's useful?
3. Avoid yes/no questions.
Ask plenty of HOW and WHY questions. Use DESCRIBE questions. You are asking questions to get specifics for your copy.
 ALSO:Know the rules of attribution. You must identify yourself as a reporter before beginning any conversation with a source. If you don't, his or her comments will not be considered "on the record" -- and therefore they will not be useable in your article. A source cannot retroactively take his or her comments "off the record" -- so if a source says at the end of an interview, "but that was all off the record," that person is out of luck. Triple-check for accuracy. Spell names right. Get grade levels and titles right. Get facts right. If you are unsure of something and cannot verify it, leave it out. Before you turn in your story, ask yourself these questions: Have I attributed or documented all my facts? Are the quotes in my story presented fairly and in context? Am I prepared to publicly defend my facts if they are questioned?  Fill holes. Are there questions raised by your story that you have not answered? Ask a friend, teacher, editor or fellow reporter to read through your story and tell you what else he or she would want to know.
Putyour story in context. You must help answer a reader's biggest question about any story: Why should I care?

ACHILLE MBEMBE ON NEOCOLONIALISM

Achille Mbembe reviews the forms and malformations of state power in Africa from the colonial times. In a post colony of this kind, then, he is  concerned with the ways in which state  power, creates,  through its  administrative  and  bureaucratic practices,  a world of meanings  all its own, a master code which,  in  the process of becoming the society's  primary central code, ends by  governing  the various logics that  underlie  all  other meanings within that society; attempts to  institutionalize its  world of meanings as a 'socio-historical world  and to make that world fully  real, turning it  into a part of people's common  sense not only by instilling it in the minds of the cibles, or target population, but also by  integrating it  into  the  consciousness of the period.
 Of the colonial period, Mbembe identifies four main properties of commandment that still remain in today’s Africa and argues that, the office should come from a heart-felt recognition of the continent’s woes and should not coincide with a desire to entertain the West.First, state power is always a departure from the principle of a single law for all. Second, it confers privileges and immunities on multinational companies and agencies, privileged groups and individuals, n thirdly, it conceives of itself, on the basis of an imaginary of thestate as the organizer of public happiness, and finally, its instruments and institutions are hardly designed to attain any public good. The failure of civil society and the rise of lawlessness in national life arise from this biasness in the relations of power and speeds the process of decomposition of postcolonial African states through an implosion. He weighs the available options and the abuse to which these remain prone because of consequences such as dissociation of Africa from formal international markets.He refers to  those  elements  of the obscene  and the grotesque that Mikhail Bakhtin claims to have located in  'non-official'  cultures  but  which  in  fact  are  congenital to  all systems  of domination  and  to  the  means  by which  those systems  are  confirmed  or deconstructed. He demonstrates how  the grotesque and  the  obscene  are  two essential  characteristics  that identify  postcolonial  regimes of  domination. We can come to understand  that  the postcolonial  relationship is  not primarily a relationship of resistance or of collaboration but can best be characterized  as illicit  cohabitation,  a relationship made  fraught  by the very fact  of  the  commandment and its subjects  having to  share the same living  space, there  is  the question of the absurd and the  obscene being used as means of erecting, ratifying or deconstructing  particular  regimes of  violence  and domination.

LETS BE PROLIFERS

Its a new day in the life of a varsity girl. The question is, are you happy about killing a baby? Not every woman is happy about killing her unborn, and I believe if I keenly listen to stories from women who carry out abortion, can actually change my perception on them but to do so, I must listen to each and every.

The rate at which Varsity ladies carry out the act of abortion is wanting and calls for alarm. I understand that children are a precious gift from God, my  question is, who am I to reject the what God has given?Is it because you panicked and didnt give any thought to it at all? It is said those who carry out the act are prone to getting breast cancer, are we sure we really want to take that chance? You may not be half the person it could have been. You need to know whether you aborted the person who could have found the cure for cancer or AIDS or the one person who could have brought peace to the world. If you didnt want to, why didnt you say no? Because otherwise you are so selfish to deny a child a right.

Lets not support the death penalty, this is because, someone has to make a decision and judge.I believe a foetuses just have  rights as anyone else. How many envy parents of wanted pregnancy?

ACADEMIC WRITTING

The pursuit for academic excellence entails and requires a lot of skills in writing. Academic writing is unique since it needs special skills for different kinds of academic papers. Each paper has specific structure or formats that student or writer must follow.

Academic writings in clued research papers, report, reviews, annotated bibliography, case studies, applications essays, comparative/contrast essays, personal statements and creative writings. The list is however endless with emerging academic fields and dynamism in the disciplines.

Research paper generally is an in depth analysis of a subject and/or data that already exists. It might be argumentative which involves debate and persuasion or just analytical. Analytical research paper requires advance skills in evaluation and further explorations. Reports literally analyses a problem or a subject, for example, laboratory reports. It’s systematic in nature and defines or gives meaning to the results or findings in an experiment or research.

Annotated bibliography is simply a list of citations from sources or reference or works cited. The citations are followed by summary of the main focus of the work cited usually approximately 150 words. It serves to inform the reader on quality and accuracy of the source of the information. Dissertation of these forms the vital part of students’ course work for the attainment of a degree or any other professional qualification. It is usually presented to the lecturer or supervision to show and support the author’s findings from a research.

Case studied is very specific in nature and it intends to explore everything about something. Speeches and creative writings express ideas.  Speeches are oral in nature while creative writings are usually put in writing and they tend to deviate from restrictive rules of facts and logic. Application essays and personal statements are usually required by learning/research institutes from the applicants.

The structure of an academic paper should be perfect and upholds all the laid standards for an academic writing. A good paper structure are relevant content is a pre-requisite to a good grade. The common part of an essay includes the introduction.

The body part and conclusion, however, these will very depending on the type of academic paper required. The writer or student should also be equipped with the commonly used formatting and styles like MLA, APA, Harvard, and Chicago/Turbian. It is this worth noting that, a grade –A paper requires vast skills in writing.

A GOOD ACADEMIC PAPER DESERVES AN A

Writing a good academic paper is a vital component of success enhancers in academic pursuits. A good academic paper involves an informed outline and a good structure. Students and researchers should gather as many ideas as possible on the subject of study. An equipped mind is the best tool for an in-depth analysis. Such analysis realizes a fact-deduced conclusion.

 The paper should contain a catchy abstract, critically analyzed review of previous works, coherently presented informed personal views, appropriate in text and end referencing style, and relevant examples supported by real world events or happenings.


The paper should be relevant to the topic always. The main points should be reinforced with minor ones to strengthen the content and to give the paper a mature ideological orientation. Conclusions should provide a summary of key points and provide room for further study or research. The end references should tally with the in-text references or citations. In some cases, bibliography might be required.

The writer should always follow the paper instructions to satisfy the customers’/clients’ demands.